The term “retaliation” refers to adverse actions taken against an employee for engaging in protected activity, which could include complaining about discrimination or other violations of employment laws. The laws against employment retaliation can also apply to employees who participate in certain investigations and oppose certain behavior. Under most of the relevant employment laws, negative action is broadly defined and includes any activity that would deter a reasonable employee from making or supporting a complaint.
Most anti-retaliation laws forbid negative employment actions as a result of reporting or seeking action due to illegal activity. Negative employment actions vary widely. They could include unjustified negative performance reviews or work evaluations, unwarranted disciplinary actions or written warnings, changes in hours, job duties, and/or job assignments, demotion or reassignment to a less desirable position, reduction in salary, compensation, or other benefits, and hostility or derogatory comments, and termination.